Without healthy yeast, proper beer cannot be made. The availability of numerous commercially produced yeast strains in pitchable quantities(along with turnkey brewing systems) has been the driving force behind the success of the pub brewing industry. However, for small specialty breweries that package, maintaining healthy yeast requires a greater investment. Historically, breweries that purchase yeast slurries from outside sources often”inherit the sins” of the previous owner. If a specialty brewer is committed to long-term success, there is no reason why yeast needs cannot be met with in hours propagation.
How often should yeast be propagated? In order to minimize the effects of contamination and yeast mutation, most lager brewers repropagate a fresh culture after three to ten fermentations, or “generations”.
Some brewers re-propagate for every batch. Modern cellar practices cause added stress to yeast, and using fresh, vigorous yeast allows for predictable fermentations. Breweries using unique top-cropping strains such as Bavarian weiss-bier cultures in tall, closed vessels might also find benefit in continuous propagation.
Other brewers(particularly top fermentation brewers)may have been continually re-pitching the same yeast culture batch to batch for hundreds or possibly thousands of generations with no apparent change in fermentation performance. The decision on how often to introduce a new propagation into the plant depends on the strain(ale yeast is typically more robust), fermentation performance, yeast-handling practice, flavor and aroma characteristics, changes in flocculation, attenuation, plant design, bacterial or wild yeast contamination, and the brewer’s philosophy.
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